— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師正在照顧一位有癲癇病史且被處方卡馬西平（carbamazepine）的病人。下列哪種症狀需要立即報告給醫療提供者？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures who is prescribed carbamazepine. Which symptom requires immediate reporting to the healthcare provider?
- AMild dizziness輕微頭暈
- BUnsteady gait步態不穩
- CDry mouth口乾
- DSevere rash with blistering✓ 正解伴有水泡的嚴重皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
卡馬西平可能引起嚴重的皮膚反應，如史帝文生-強森症候群（Stevens-Johnson syndrome）或毒性表皮壞死溶解症（TEN）。出現嚴重皮疹伴隨水泡或脫皮時，代表藥物嚴重不良反應，需立即停藥並就醫。
Carbamazepine may cause severe cutaneous reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). A severe rash with blistering or skin peeling indicates a serious adverse drug reaction, and the medication must be discontinued immediately with prompt medical attention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國的藥物不良事件通報系統（如 MedWatch）鼓勵病人回報嚴重不良反應；台灣也鼓勵，但病人主動回報的習慣和意識可能較弱。