病人接受紅血球輸注，15 分鐘後出現發冷、發燒及下背痛。護理師首要行動為何？
A patient is receiving packed red blood cells. The patient develops chills, fever, and low back pain 15 minutes after infusion starts. What is the nurse's first action?
- AObtain a set of vital signs測量一組生命徵象
- BSlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速度
- CNotify the physician immediately立即通知醫師
- DStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸注
急性溶血性輸血反應（Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction）是由於 ABO 血型不相容所引發。典型表現為寒顫、發燒、下背痛。這是一種致命醫療緊急狀況。護理師的第一反應必須是立即停止輸血，移除輸血管路並以生理食鹽水維持管路暢通，以防更多抗原進入體內。隨後通知醫療團隊處理。
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is caused by ABO blood type incompatibility. Typical presentations include chills, fever, and low back pain. This is a life-threatening medical emergency. The nurse's first action must be to immediately stop the transfusion, disconnect the transfusion tubing, and keep the IV line patent with normal saline to prevent further antigen entry. The medical team is then notified for further management.