— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人進行靜脈注射氯化鉀。下列哪項措施對病人安全至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which nursing action is essential for client safety?
- AAdminister the medication via an IV push經靜脈推注給藥
- BMonitor the site for signs of subcutaneous infiltration監測部位是否有皮下滲漏跡象
- CEnsure the medication is diluted and administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物稀釋並透過輸液幫浦給藥
- DCheck the client's blood pressure every 15 minutes during the infusion輸注期間每 15 分鐘測量病人血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈注射氯化鉀具有極高的心臟毒性，絕對不可直接由靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會引起致死性心律不整甚至心跳停止。必須經由輸液幫浦定量給藥，確保給藥速度不超過 10-20 mEq/hr。同時必須確保藥物充分稀釋，避免刺激血管導致靜脈炎。
Intravenous potassium chloride has extreme cardiac toxicity and must never be given as a direct IV push, as it can cause fatal arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. It must be administered through an infusion pump to ensure a controlled rate, generally not exceeding 10-20 mEq/hr. In addition, the medication must be adequately diluted to avoid irritating the vein and causing phlebitis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆嚴格限制氯化鉀給藥途徑，皆需嚴格遵守輸液安全原則。