下列哪些臨床指標顯示病人正處於低血容性休克？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clinical indicators suggest the client is experiencing hypovolemic shock? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BIncreased urine output尿量增加
- CHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- DCool, clammy skin✓ 正解皮膚冰冷、濕冷
- EWeak, thready pulse✓ 正解脈搏微弱、細速
低血容性休克源於有效循環血量不足，身體會啟動代償機制導致心跳加速（Tachycardia）以維持心輸出量。當代償失效，會出現低血壓（Hypotension）、周邊灌流不足導致皮膚濕冷（Cool, clammy）、脈搏細弱（Weak, thready pulse）。尿量反而會因為腎灌流不足而減少（Oliguria），故選項 B 錯誤。
Hypovolemic shock results from inadequate effective circulating blood volume. The body activates compensatory mechanisms that cause tachycardia in order to maintain cardiac output. When these compensatory mechanisms fail, hypotension develops, along with cool, clammy skin from inadequate peripheral perfusion and a weak, thready pulse. Urine output actually decreases (oliguria) because of renal hypoperfusion, so option B is incorrect.
台灣臨床護理常依賴 CVP 監測來輔助判斷；美國則更強調早期臨床指標如乳酸數值及早期目標導向治療。