— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人因低血鉀入院。護理師預期在心電圖(ECG)上觀察到什麼發現?
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. Which electrocardiogram (ECG) finding should the nurse expect to see?
- AProminent U waves✓ 正解顯著的 U 波
- BTall, peaked T waves高聳、尖銳的 T 波
- CST segment elevationST 段抬高
- DShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀(Hypokalemia)導致心肌電生理改變,導致再極化延遲。心電圖典型特徵包括 T 波平坦或倒置、ST 段下凹以及明顯的 U 波。高聳 T 波(B)通常見於高血鉀;ST 段抬高(C)常見於心肌梗塞;縮短 QT 間期(D)常見於高血鈣。
Hypokalemia alters cardiac electrophysiology, producing delayed repolarization. Classic ECG features include flattened or inverted T waves, ST segment depression, and prominent U waves. Tall, peaked T waves (B) are typically seen in hyperkalemia; ST segment elevation (C) is seen in myocardial infarction; a shortened QT interval (D) is typically associated with hypercalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於 ECG 的判讀要求類似,但在美國,資深護理師在特定單位(如 ICU)常需主動報告並針對危急值採取初步護理措施。