一位第一型糖尿病病人出現庫斯毛耳呼吸（Kussmaul respirations）及呼氣有水果味。下列何者為優先護理措施？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with Kussmaul respirations and fruity breath. Which nursing action is the priority?
- AAdminister subcutaneous insulin給予皮下注射胰島素
- BPerform a blood glucose check進行血糖檢測
- CProvide a high-carbohydrate snack提供高碳水化合物點心
- DInitiate intravenous fluid replacement✓ 正解開始靜脈輸液補充
病人表現為典型糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。DKA 急性處理中，液體復甦（Fluid resuscitation）是首要任務，以矯正脫水與低血壓，進而改善組織灌流。胰島素需在補液與鉀離子確認安全後才給予。血糖監測雖然重要，但在出現典型症狀時，補液更為緊急。
The client's presentation is typical of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In the acute management of DKA, fluid resuscitation is the first priority in order to correct dehydration and hypotension and thereby improve tissue perfusion. Insulin should be administered only after fluid replacement and confirmation that the potassium level is safe. Although blood glucose monitoring is important, when typical symptoms are present, fluid replacement is more urgent.
台灣醫院內針對 DKA 多有標準化醫囑（Protocol），護理師在確認生命徵象後即刻執行補液。