一位慢性腎臟病（CKD）患者血鉀為 6.5 mEq/L。護理師應準備給予下列哪種藥物？
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
- ASpironolactone螺內酯
- BSodium polystyrene sulfonate聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉
- CCalcium gluconate葡萄糖酸鈣
- DRegular insulin with dextrose✓ 正解常規胰島素與葡萄糖
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎臟排鉀能力喪失，極易出現危險的高血鉀。血鉀 6.5 mEq/L 屬於嚴重高血鉀，隨時可能導致致命性的心律不整。緊急處理的目標是「將鉀離子移入細胞內」。給予靜脈注射胰島素配合葡萄糖（regular insulin with dextrose）是降低血鉀最迅速的方法，胰島素刺激鉀離子進入細胞，葡萄糖則防止胰島素引發的低血糖。鈣劑（calcium gluconate）雖用於穩定心肌細胞膜，但不能降低血鉀濃度。
A serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L indicates severe hyperkalemia requiring immediate intervention to prevent fatal dysrhythmias. Regular insulin with dextrose is the most effective rapid treatment because insulin drives potassium into cells, quickly lowering serum levels. While calcium gluconate stabilizes the heart, it does not reduce potassium concentration, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate acts too slowly for emergency use.