護理師照顧一位禁食（NPO）準備手術的病人，哪項作法展現正確的安全護理？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. Which action by the nurse demonstrates understanding of safe practice?
- AAsking the client if they have brushed their teeth詢問病人是否有刷牙
- BRemoving the client's water pitcher from the bedside✓ 正解將病人的水杯從床邊移開
- CAdministering the morning antihypertensive medication with a sip of water以一口水給予早晨的高血壓藥物
- DAllowing the client to chew sugarless gum to keep the mouth moist允許病人咀嚼無糖口香糖以保持口腔濕潤
手術前禁食是為了防止麻醉過程中發生嘔吐與誤吸（Aspiration）。移除床邊水壺可避免病人因口渴無意識取用，是保障禁食徹底落實的預防措施。抗高血壓藥物是否給予需遵循醫囑，單純給藥不代表禁食規範的落實；嚼口香糖會刺激胃酸分泌，應避免。
Preoperative NPO status is intended to prevent vomiting and aspiration during anesthesia. Removing the water pitcher from the bedside prevents the client from inadvertently drinking water out of thirst and is a preventive measure that supports strict adherence to NPO. Whether antihypertensive medications are administered must follow specific physician orders, and giving the dose does not by itself demonstrate adherence to NPO. Chewing gum stimulates gastric acid secretion and should be avoided.
美國術前禁食指引（NPO status）近年趨向彈性化（ERAS 協議），台灣仍多維持傳統嚴格禁食。