— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
護理師評估一位病人是否有急性譫妄，哪些症狀是其特徵？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of acute delirium. Which symptoms are characteristic of delirium? (Select all that apply.)
- ARapid onset of symptoms✓ 正解症狀快速發作
- BFluctuating level of consciousness✓ 正解意識水平波動
- CShort-term memory loss as the only symptom僅有短期記憶喪失
- DDisorganized thinking and impaired attention✓ 正解思考混亂及注意力受損
- EStable symptoms over several months症狀在數個月內穩定
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
譫妄（Delirium）是一種急性、可逆的意識與認知功能障礙。其典型特徵包括症狀突然發生（Rapid onset）、意識狀態波動（Fluctuating consciousness）以及專注力明顯受損與思考混亂。與失智症（Dementia）的緩慢進程不同，譫妄通常與急性身體疾病、藥物反應或感染有關，需立即找出潛在誘因。
Delirium is an acute, reversible disturbance of consciousness and cognitive function. Its typical features include rapid onset, fluctuating level of consciousness, and prominent inattention and disorganized thinking. Unlike the slow progression of dementia, delirium is usually associated with acute physical illness, drug effects, or infection, requiring immediate identification of underlying causes.