— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
下列哪種情境描述了護理場域中的倫理兩難（Ethical Dilemma）？
Which situation describes an ethical dilemma in a nursing setting?
- AAn unlicensed assistant performing a procedure beyond their scope未受認證的助手執行超出其職責範圍的程序
- BA nurse refusing to administer a medication despite a valid physician order護理師拒絕給藥，儘管有有效的醫師醫囑
- CA family member asking to withhold a terminal diagnosis from a patient✓ 正解家屬要求對病人隱瞞末期診斷
- DA nurse failing to document a medication administration護理師未記錄給藥情況
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
倫理兩難是指在兩個或多個道德價值觀之間產生衝突，且沒有單一明確的答案。家屬要求對病人隱瞞病情，造成護理師在「誠實告知（病人的知情權）」與「尊重家屬意願（文化脈絡/保護心理）」之間產生衝突。其他選項多涉及醫療疏失、執業範疇限制或行政違規，屬於法律或規範性問題，而非倫理兩難。
An ethical dilemma refers to a conflict between two or more moral values without a single clear answer. A family member asking to withhold a diagnosis from a client creates a conflict between honest disclosure (the client's right to know) and respecting family wishes (cultural context / psychological protection). The other options involve medical errors, scope-of-practice violations, or administrative violations and represent legal or regulatory issues rather than ethical dilemmas.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國嚴格遵守病人自主權；台灣文化常有家屬代為決定告知與否的現象，護理師需在倫理與文化間做出折衷。