一位高血壓病人獲開立 Lisinopril。護理師應指導病人若出現哪些副作用需立即回報？（選所有適合的）
A client diagnosed with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which side effects should the nurse instruct the client to report immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- ADry, persistent cough✓ 正解乾性、持續性咳嗽
- BSwelling of the lips and tongue✓ 正解嘴唇和舌頭腫脹
- CMild headache輕微頭痛
- DDifficulty breathing✓ 正解呼吸困難
- EDizziness upon standing站起時頭暈
ACE 抑制劑常見副作用包括乾咳（因緩激肽堆積），需回報醫師討論是否更換藥物。血管性水腫（嘴唇舌頭腫脹）與呼吸困難是嚴重過敏反應，屬於致命性風險。頭暈為常見血管擴張反應，衛教採緩慢變換姿勢即可；輕微頭痛通常隨身體適應消失。
Common side effects of ACE inhibitors include a dry cough (due to bradykinin accumulation), which should be reported so the physician can consider switching medications. Angioedema (swelling of the lips and tongue) and difficulty breathing are severe allergic reactions and represent life-threatening risks. Dizziness is a common vasodilatory effect, and clients are taught to change positions slowly, while mild headache typically resolves as the body adapts to the medication.
美國藥師衛教責任較重，台灣護理師執行服藥指導時常需解釋為何乾咳也要回報以免病人擅自停藥。