— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備發藥。下列哪位病人最可能因代謝改變而增加藥物不良反應風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer several medications. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a high risk for adverse drug reactions due to altered metabolism? (Select all that apply.)
- AA 75-year-old client with chronic renal failure✓ 正解患有慢性腎衰竭的 75 歲病人
- BA 45-year-old client with acute hepatitis✓ 正解患有急性肝炎的 45 歲病人
- CA 30-year-old client with a history of asthma有氣喘病史的 30 歲病人
- DA 50-year-old client with cirrhosis✓ 正解患有肝硬化的 50 歲病人
- EA 20-year-old client with type 1 diabetes患有第一型糖尿病的 20 歲病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
藥物代謝主要仰賴肝臟，排泄則仰賴腎臟。腎衰竭（A）導致藥物排泄延遲，肝硬化（D）與急性肝炎（B）則導致肝臟酵素代謝功能受損，三者均會顯著延長藥物半衰期並增加蓄積毒性。氣喘與糖尿病雖然是慢性病，但若無合併肝腎功能受損，對藥物代謝影響較小。
Altered drug metabolism and excretion significantly increase the risk of adverse reactions in clients with renal failure, acute hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Renal impairment delays drug excretion, while hepatic conditions reduce the enzymatic capacity needed for drug metabolism, both leading to potential drug accumulation and toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無顯著差異。