護理師監測一位接受靜脈輸液的病人。哪些發現顯示體液過量？
A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which findings suggest fluid volume overload?
- ADecreased blood pressure血壓下降
- BDry mucous membranes黏膜乾燥
- CMoist crackles on auscultation of the lungs✓ 正解肺部聽診出現濕性囉音
- DIncreased urine concentration尿液濃度增加
體液過量（Fluid volume overload）會導致血管內液體增加，增加靜脈回流與心臟負荷，進而導致肺毛細血管靜水壓升高，液體滲漏至肺泡間隙。聽診時出現濕囉音（crackles）是肺水腫的早期跡象，屬於呼吸系統併發症，需優先處理。其他選項如血壓下降、黏膜乾燥與尿液濃縮，均是體液不足（Fluid volume deficit）的典型臨床表現，而非過量。
Fluid volume overload increases intravascular volume, augmenting venous return and cardiac workload and elevating pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure, which causes fluid to leak into the alveolar spaces. The appearance of crackles on auscultation is an early sign of pulmonary edema and constitutes a respiratory complication that must be addressed first. The remaining options (such as decreased blood pressure, dry mucous membranes, and concentrated urine) are typical clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit rather than overload.