— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
接受長期類固醇治療的病人，護理師應監測哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for a client receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- BDelayed wound healing✓ 正解傷口癒合遲緩
- CWeight gain✓ 正解體重增加
- DHypotension低血壓
- EOsteoporosis✓ 正解骨質疏鬆症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
類固醇長期使用會導致多種代謝改變：促進糖質新生引起高血糖、抑制纖維母細胞導致傷口癒合延遲、脂肪重新分布引發向心性肥胖（體重增加）、抑制骨骼鈣質吸收導致骨質疏鬆。它會引起水鈉滯留，通常導致高血壓而非低血壓。
Long-term corticosteroid use produces multiple metabolic changes: stimulation of gluconeogenesis causes hyperglycemia; suppression of fibroblasts delays wound healing; fat redistribution produces central obesity (weight gain); and inhibition of bone calcium absorption leads to osteoporosis. Steroids cause sodium and water retention, which usually produces hypertension rather than hypotension.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對長期類固醇病人的衛教趨勢一致，重點均放在感染預防、血糖監測與預防骨質流失。