一位全髖關節置換術後病人，有靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）風險。護理師應包含哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
A client post-total hip replacement is at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which measures should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解應用順序加壓裝置 (SCDs)
- BAdminister prophylactic anticoagulants✓ 正解給予預防性抗凝血劑
- CEncourage leg exercises like ankle pumps✓ 正解鼓勵腿部運動，如踝關節幫浦運動
- DMassage the legs to improve circulation按摩腿部以改善循環
- ELimit fluid intake限制水分攝取
全髖關節置換術後病人因長期臥床及手術創傷，血液處於高凝狀態，極易發生靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）。護理重點在於結合物理性與藥物性預防措施。物理措施如 SCDs 可透過機械性壓力促進靜脈回流，踝關節運動則利用小腿肌肉幫浦效應減少血液滯留。藥物預防（如低分子量肝素）則是臨床常規。臨床思路應優先採納這些經實證的預防策略，同時避免可能引發血栓脫落或併發症的行為。
Patients after total hip replacement are in a hypercoagulable state due to prolonged bed rest and surgical trauma and are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Nursing care emphasizes combining mechanical and pharmacologic prevention. Mechanical measures such as SCDs promote venous return through mechanical compression, while ankle exercises use the calf muscle pump to reduce venous stasis. Pharmacologic prophylaxis (such as low-molecular-weight heparin) is routine in practice. The clinical priority is to apply these evidence-based preventive strategies while avoiding behaviors that could dislodge a thrombus or cause complications.
美國醫院針對全髖關節置換術後，通常有一套嚴格的 VTE 預防 Protocol，包含術後即刻開始使用 SCDs 及抗凝血藥物。在台灣，抗凝血藥物的使用可能較保守，護理師需特別注意醫囑與醫院常規的差異。