— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備為低血鉀患者靜脈輸注氯化鉀 (KCl)。哪些措施是正確的?(選所有適合的)
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) infusion to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister via IV push for rapid correction透過靜脈推注給予以快速糾正
- BUse an infusion pump to control the rate✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦控制速率
- CVerify that the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確認病人有足夠的尿液排出量
- DDilute the medication before administration✓ 正解給藥前稀釋藥物
- EMonitor the infusion site for phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解監測輸注部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 輸注安全守則:絕對不可靜脈推注(IV Push),否則會導致心臟驟停(A 錯)。必須使用輸液幫浦控制速度(B),確認病人排尿功能良好(No pee, no K,C),藥物必須稀釋(D),並密切觀察局部血管刺激(E)。一般速度不超過 10 mEq/hr。
Intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) must never be administered via IV push due to the high risk of cardiac arrest; it requires dilution and controlled infusion via a pump. Nurses must verify adequate urine output to ensure renal excretion capability and monitor the infusion site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration, as potassium is highly irritating to tissues.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 嚴格禁止 IV Push K+ 的觀念極為重要;台灣臨床亦為給藥安全準則之首。