一位 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人來到診所，主訴心悸和瀕死感。護理師應優先採取何項措施？
A 25-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting heart palpitations and a feeling of impending doom. Which action is the priority for the nurse?
- AAsk the client to describe the triggers for their anxiety詢問病人描述焦慮的觸發因素
- BPerform a comprehensive head-to-toe physical assessment進行全面性的頭到腳身體評估
- CAdminister an as-needed benzodiazepine給予處方備用苯二氮平類藥物
- DEncourage the client to take deep, slow breaths✓ 正解鼓勵病人進行深而慢的呼吸
面對焦慮症狀，首要任務是生理穩定（Safety and comfort）。鼓勵深呼吸可刺激迷走神經，降低交感神經過度興奮帶來的軀體症狀。B 為醫囑用藥，非護理優先處置；A 會增加焦慮回憶；D 評估雖重要，但在發作當下應先處理生理焦慮反應。
In the face of anxiety symptoms, the first priority is physiologic stabilization (safety and comfort). Encouraging deep breathing stimulates the vagus nerve and reduces somatic symptoms caused by sympathetic overactivation. B requires a physician's order and is not the priority nursing action; C may amplify anxiety-laden recollections; D, although important, should follow management of the acute physiologic anxiety response.
台美護理師均強調焦慮發作的立即處置，美國護理師依 protocol 使用呼吸技巧更為普遍，台灣臨床常需醫師開立抗焦慮藥物。