一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現心跳加速與呼吸困難。在恐慌發作期間，下列哪項護理措施最合適？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing. Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate during a panic attack?
- AEncourage the client to discuss the reasons for their anxiety鼓勵個案討論其焦慮的原因
- BAdminister an extra dose of benzodiazepine immediately立即給予額外劑量的苯二氮平類藥物
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案對著紙袋呼吸
- DRemain with the client and provide calm, concise, and clear directions✓ 正解留在個案身邊，並提供冷靜、簡潔且清晰的指示
恐慌發作時，個案常失去現實感，護理師需在場給予安全感，透過簡單指令維持個案專注力，避免過度刺激。紙袋呼吸法已不再推薦，因可能導致缺氧；發作中無法進行深層認知談話；藥物需遵循醫囑，不可擅自給予，且第一時間需先進行非藥物介入。
During a panic attack, the client often loses contact with reality, so the nurse should remain present to provide a sense of safety and use simple directions to help maintain focus and avoid further overstimulation. Paper bag breathing is no longer recommended because it may cause hypoxia; deep cognitive discussions cannot be carried out during the acute episode; and medications must follow physician orders rather than be administered independently, with non-pharmacologic interventions taking precedence in the immediate response.
台美護理師皆強調恐慌發作時的陪伴，惟美國護理師常需更嚴格遵循減敏療法 protocol，台灣臨床則更側重於給予鎮靜藥物與監測呼吸道。