護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪些是必要的安全措施？（複選）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously. Which safety measure is essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確認周邊輸注線的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BEnsure the medication is administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物通過輸注幫浦給藥
- CCheck the IV site for signs of phlebitis before infusion✓ 正解在輸注前檢查靜脈穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎跡象
- DAdminister the medication as an IV bolus push to ensure accuracy以靜脈推注方式給藥以確保準確性
- EMonitor the patient's urine output prior to administration✓ 正解在給藥前監測病人的尿液排出量
靜脈輸注鉀離子屬於高警戒藥物（High-Alert Medication）。必須使用輸注幫浦控制速度，嚴禁靜脈直接推注（IV push）以免引發心律不整甚至心跳停止。在給予前需確保病人有足夠尿量（排除腎衰竭導致的高血鉀風險），並檢查周邊血管有無靜脈炎。周邊輸注濃度不可過高以防刺激血管。
Intravenous potassium is a high-alert medication. An infusion pump must be used to control the rate, and direct IV push is strictly contraindicated because it can cause cardiac arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest. Before administration, adequate urine output must be confirmed (to exclude hyperkalemia risk from renal failure), and the peripheral vein must be inspected for phlebitis. Peripheral infusion concentration must not be too high in order to avoid vascular irritation.
美台臨床皆視氯化鉀為高警訊藥物，皆要求必須具備雙人核對與幫浦設定限制。