一位經尿道前列腺切除術後進行膀胱沖洗的病人，護理師發現尿液呈鮮紅色且有大血塊，應如何處理？
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) post-TURP. The nurse notes bright red urine with large clots. What is the appropriate action?
- ADocument the findings and monitor記錄發現並監測
- BAdminister an analgesic for pain給予止痛藥以緩解疼痛
- CNotify the surgeon immediately立即通知外科醫師
- DIncrease the flow rate of the irrigation✓ 正解增加沖洗的流速
經尿道前列腺切除術（TURP）術後，連續膀胱沖洗（CBI）的主要目的是預防血塊阻塞管路。當出現鮮紅色尿液伴隨大血塊時，代表可能有活動性出血或管路引流不暢。護理師的第一反應應是增加沖洗速度，以利用壓力將血塊沖出，維持引流暢通，防止膀胱因血塊堆積導致膨脹、痙攣或更嚴重的出血。這是基於維持管路通暢（Patency）的護理優先順序。
After transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), the primary purpose of continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) is to prevent clot obstruction of the catheter. When bright red urine accompanied by large blood clots appears, this suggests possible active bleeding or impaired drainage. The nurse's first response should be to increase the irrigation rate to use pressure to flush out clots, maintain unobstructed drainage, and prevent bladder distension, spasm, or more serious bleeding from accumulating clots. This action is based on the nursing priority of maintaining catheter patency.
在美國臨床中，CBI 的流速調整通常由護理師根據引流液顏色（Color of output）執行，這屬於護理職責範疇。台灣臨床亦同，但在美國醫院內，若沖洗液流速調至最大仍無法改善，護理師需更迅速地執行人工沖洗（Manual irrigation）並評估是否需通知醫師。