— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
肝硬化病人若出現哪些徵象,代表肝性腦病變正在惡化?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings in a client with cirrhosis indicate a worsening of hepatic encephalopathy? (Select all that apply.)
- AAsterixis✓ 正解撲翼樣震顫
- BFetor hepaticus✓ 正解肝臭
- CConfusion and disorientation✓ 正解意識混亂和定向力障礙
- DIncreased serum albumin levels血清白蛋白濃度升高
- EHyperactive deep tendon reflexes深層肌腱反射亢進
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝性腦病變惡化時,血氨濃度升高導致神經精神症狀,如扑翼樣震顫(Asterixis)、呼氣出現霉味(Fetor hepaticus)及認知功能混亂。Albumin 下降才是肝功能衰竭指標,亢進的深部肌腱反射非此病變典型症狀。
As hepatic encephalopathy worsens, elevated ammonia levels produce neuropsychiatric symptoms such as asterixis (flapping tremor), fetor hepaticus (musty breath), and cognitive confusion. A decrease in albumin is the indicator of hepatic failure, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are not a typical manifestation of this disease.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常執行並評估腦病變量表;台灣傾向由醫師判斷,護理紀錄多描述觀察到的行為變化。