護理師在指導實習生有關 HIPAA 法規。哪些情況可能構成違規？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a student nurse on HIPAA regulations. Which scenario constitutes a potential violation? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing a client's condition in the hospital cafeteria✓ 正解在醫院餐廳討論病人的狀況
- BSharing a client's room number with a neighbor asking for an update✓ 正解向詢問進展的鄰居透露病人的房號
- CAccessing the medical record of a friend admitted to a different unit✓ 正解查閱入住不同單位的親友的病歷
- DLeaving a computer screen logged in with client information visible✓ 正解讓電腦螢幕保持登入狀態且可見病人資訊
- EPosting a picture of the nurse station with no identifiable client info張貼一張沒有可識別病人資訊的護理站照片
HIPAA（健康保險隱私及責任法案）規定必須嚴格保護病人的個人健康資訊（PHI）。違規行為通常包括：在公共場所談論病人（A）、未經授權向第三人透露住院資訊（B）、未經授權查閱不在照護範圍內的病歷（C，即使是熟人），以及未保護電子病歷之隱私（D）。護理師必須確保資訊僅流向有照護需求的醫療人員，任何非必要的資訊洩漏皆屬於違規。
HIPAA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) requires strict protection of patients' protected health information (PHI). Violations typically include: discussing patients in public areas (A); disclosing inpatient information to a third party without authorization (B); accessing the chart of someone outside one's scope of care without authorization (C, even if the person is an acquaintance); and failing to safeguard the privacy of electronic health records (D). Nurses must ensure that information flows only to healthcare personnel with a legitimate need to know, and any unnecessary disclosure constitutes a violation.