— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師在評估患有重度憂鬱症且出現精神運動遲緩的個案時，應預期出現哪些發現？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect when evaluating a client with major depressive disorder who is exhibiting psychomotor retardation? (Select all that apply.)
- ASlowed speech and response time✓ 正解語速減慢與反應時間延長
- BConstant pacing and hand-wringing不斷踱步與絞扭雙手
- CMinimal facial expression and eye contact✓ 正解面部表情淡漠且眼神接觸減少
- DDelayed physical movements✓ 正解身體動作遲緩
- EFrequent verbal outbursts of anger頻繁爆發憤怒言語
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
精神運動遲緩（Psychomotor retardation）的特徵是身體機能與反應速度顯著下降。A、C、D 皆為其典型表現。B 描述的是精神運動激動（Agitation），多見於躁鬱症或焦慮症；E 為敵意表現，非遲緩特徵。
Psychomotor retardation is characterized by a marked decrease in bodily function and speed of response. Options A, C, and D are all typical manifestations. Option B describes psychomotor agitation, which is more commonly seen in bipolar disorder or anxiety disorders; option E reflects hostility and is not a feature of retardation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣評估工具多採用 PHQ-9 或漢氏憂鬱量表，這些指標在臨床評估中是重點項目。