護理師為有「日落症候群」跡象的失智症病人規劃護理，應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client with dementia who has started to exhibit signs of 'sundowning.' Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease light exposure during the late afternoon✓ 正解於下午晚些時候增加光照暴露
- BMaintain a consistent daily routine✓ 正解維持一致的每日例行事項
- CProvide a complex activity to distract the client in the evening於傍晚提供複雜的活動以分散個案注意力
- DLimit caffeine intake during the afternoon and evening✓ 正解限制下午和晚上的咖啡因攝取量
- EEnsure the environment is calm and free of unnecessary noise✓ 正解確保環境平靜且無不必要的噪音
日落症候群（Sundowning）是失智症病人傍晚時混亂感增加的現象。改善方式包括：增加光照以調節生理時鐘（A）、建立規律作息以減少困惑（B）、限制咖啡因以利夜晚睡眠（D）、減少雜訊與刺激（E）。C選項錯誤：複雜活動會增加認知負荷，導致混亂加劇，應提供簡單、平靜的活動。
Sundowning is the phenomenon of increased confusion in clients with dementia during the late afternoon and evening. Interventions to reduce its severity include increasing light exposure to regulate the circadian rhythm (A), establishing a consistent routine to reduce confusion (B), limiting caffeine to support nighttime sleep (D), and minimizing noise and stimulation (E). Option C is incorrect because a complex activity adds to cognitive load and exacerbates confusion; calm, simple activities should be provided instead.
美國長照機構多有日落症候群標準指引；台灣醫療環境較吵雜，對認知症個案的環境控制較難落實。