— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人因低血鉀入院，護理師應監測心電圖出現何種變化？
A client is admitted with hypokalemia. Which ECG change should the nurse monitor for?
- ATall, peaked T waves高大尖銳的 T 波
- BST segment elevationST 段上升
- CShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
- DProminent U waves✓ 正解明顯的 U 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會影響心肌細胞膜電位的再極化過程。在心電圖（ECG）上，典型的表現為 T 波平坦或倒置、ST 段壓低，以及最具特徵性的 U 波（U wave）出現。U 波是位於 T 波之後的額外波形，反映浦金氏纖維（Purkinje fibers）的延遲再極化。監測這些變化對於預防嚴重的心律不整至關重要。
Hypokalemia affects the repolarization phase of cardiac cell membrane potential. On the ECG, typical findings include flattened or inverted T waves, ST segment depression, and most characteristically the appearance of U waves. U waves are additional waveforms following the T wave, reflecting delayed repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. Monitoring these changes is critical for the prevention of serious arrhythmias.