一位肝硬化病人有食道靜脈曲張風險，護理師的首要介入措施為何？
A client with cirrhosis is at risk for esophageal varices. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- AAvoid anything that increases intra-abdominal pressure✓ 正解避免任何會增加腹腔內壓力的行為
- BAdminister aspirin給予阿斯匹靈
- CProvide a high-fiber diet提供高纖維飲食
- DEncourage heavy lifting鼓勵搬運重物
肝硬化病人常併發食道靜脈曲張（Esophageal Varices），這是由於門脈高壓導致側支循環形成。曲張的血管壁薄且脆弱，任何增加腹內壓（Intra-abdominal pressure）的動作，如用力排便（Valsalva maneuver）、劇烈咳嗽、提重物或嘔吐，皆會導致血管破裂，造成致命性大出血（Upper GI Bleed）。護理目標是預防出血，故需維持大便通暢但避免用力。
Clients with cirrhosis frequently develop esophageal varices due to portal hypertension and the formation of collateral circulation. The dilated vessel walls are thin and fragile; any action that increases intra-abdominal pressure—such as straining at stool (Valsalva maneuver), violent coughing, lifting heavy objects, or vomiting—may cause vessel rupture and life-threatening upper GI hemorrhage. The nursing goal is hemorrhage prevention: maintain bowel regularity while avoiding any straining.