護理師識別病房內的倫理兩難，何者屬於違反自主權（Autonomy）？
A nurse is identifying potential ethical dilemmas on a medical-surgical unit. Which situation represents a violation of autonomy?
- AWithholding a diagnosis from a client at the family's request✓ 正解應家屬要求對病人隱瞞診斷
- BAdministering a placebo after the physician explicitly orders it醫師明確指示後給予安慰劑
- CProviding information about a DNR order to the family without the client's consent未經病人同意向家屬提供關於不施行心肺復甦術（DNR）指示的資訊
- DRestraining a competent client who refuses medication約束拒絕用藥且具判斷能力的病人
護理倫理中，自主權（Autonomy）強調病人有權參與自身醫療決策，並在充分知情下表達意願。隱瞞診斷（Withholding diagnosis）是一種嚴重的倫理違規，因為它剝奪了病人行使自主權的機會。即使家屬基於「保護」病人的心態要求隱瞞，醫療團隊仍應優先尊重具備判斷能力的病人之知情權，除非病人明確表示放棄此權利。
In nursing ethics, autonomy emphasizes the patient's right to participate in medical decision making and express informed wishes. Withholding a diagnosis is a serious ethical violation because it deprives the patient of the opportunity to exercise autonomy. Even when family members ask for concealment out of a desire to 'protect' the patient, the healthcare team must still prioritize the right of a competent patient to be informed, unless the patient has explicitly waived this right.