護理師準備靜脈給予氯化鉀。下列何者為減少靜脈炎風險的優先護理措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following is a priority nursing action to reduce the risk of phlebitis?
- AEnsure the infusion is completed within 30 minutes確保輸注在 30 分鐘內完成
- BApply a cold pack to the site during infusion在輸注期間於穿刺部位冷敷
- CAdminister the infusion via a peripheral IV line at a high rate經周邊靜脈通路以高速率給予輸注
- DDilute the potassium concentration and use an infusion pump✓ 正解稀釋鉀離子濃度並使用輸液幫浦
氯化鉀（Potassium chloride, KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-alert medication），具有強烈的組織刺激性。若靜脈輸注濃度過高或滴速過快，極易引起靜脈炎（Phlebitis）或組織壞死，甚至導致嚴重的高血鉀症。因此，臨床上必須將KCl稀釋後，透過輸液幫浦（Infusion pump）精確控制輸注速度，以確保藥物在進入血液循環後能迅速被稀釋，降低對血管壁的化學性刺激。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication with significant tissue-irritating properties. If the IV concentration is too high or the infusion rate too fast, it can readily cause phlebitis or tissue necrosis and even severe hyperkalemia. Therefore, KCl must be diluted clinically and infused with precise rate control via an infusion pump, ensuring that the drug is rapidly diluted upon entering the circulation and reducing chemical irritation to the vessel wall.
在美國臨床，KCl注射液通常由藥局配置好預混袋（Premixed bag），護理師不鼓勵自行抽取藥液稀釋，以減少調配過程中的污染風險與給藥錯誤。