護理師正在審核一名預計 4 小時後進行擇期手術患者的用藥。護理師在術前應與醫師進一步確認哪種藥物?
A nurse is reviewing the medications for a client scheduled for an elective surgery in 4 hours. Which medication should the nurse clarify with the provider before the procedure?
- AMetformin✓ 正解Metformin(二甲雙胍)
- BDocusate sodiumDocusate sodium(多庫酯鈉)
- CAtorvastatinAtorvastatin(阿托伐他汀)
- DLisinoprilLisinopril(賴諾普利)
手術前用藥管理是降低術後風險的關鍵。Metformin(二甲雙胍)是糖尿病常用藥物,在術前應特別謹慎。核心問題在於「乳酸中毒」的風險。手術期間可能發生的低血壓、脫水或使用放射性對比劑都可能損害腎功能,進而導致 Metformin 在體內堆積並誘發致命的乳酸中毒。此外,病人術前需禁食(NPO),繼續服用降血糖藥可能導致低血糖。Lisinopril(ACEI)有時會在當天停用以防術中低血壓,但 Metformin 的安全風險在 NCLEX 中通常更受強調。Atorvastatin 和 Docusate 通常不影響手術安全。護理師應具備術前用藥篩選能力,確保與手術室通訊一致,避免因藥物交互作用導致術中失控。這題考驗的是對藥物動力學與術中病生理變化的整合判斷。
Metformin should be clarified and likely withheld before surgery due to the risk of lactic acidosis, especially if renal function is compromised by hypotension, dehydration, or contrast dye. Continuing metformin while the patient is NPO also increases the risk of hypoglycemia. While ACE inhibitors like lisinopril may be held to prevent intraoperative hypotension, the metabolic risk of metformin is a primary safety concern in preoperative medication review.
在美國,術前用藥指南(Presurgical guidelines)非常明確,護理師常有核對清單(Checklist)來勾選 Metformin 等特定停藥項目。在台灣,這部分常由麻醉科醫師在術前訪視時決定,但病房護理師在給藥前若能主動發現並詢問醫師,是展現專業判斷、預防醫療缺失的重要環節。