一位第一型糖尿病病人醫囑要求皮下注射 NPH 與 Regular 胰島素。哪項護理措施顯示正確的藥物準備程序？
A client with type 1 diabetes is prescribed NPH insulin and Regular insulin to be administered subcutaneously. Which nursing action demonstrates correct medication preparation?
- ADraw the NPH insulin into the syringe first先將 NPH 胰島素抽入注射器中
- BShake the Regular insulin vial vigorously before drawing抽取前用力搖晃 Regular 胰島素瓶
- CInject air into the NPH vial first, then the Regular vial✓ 正解先向 NPH 瓶中注入空氣，再向 Regular 瓶中注入空氣
- DDiscard the mixture if it appears cloudy如果混合物呈現混濁狀態則丟棄
混合胰島素（NPH 與 Regular）的準備需嚴格遵守「先打氣至長效（NPH），再打氣至短效（Regular），先抽短效，後抽長效」的口訣。先打氣至 NPH 可以維持瓶內氣壓，防止倒吸時混入液體。先抽 Regular 是為了避免短效胰島素被 NPH 污染（變質）。NPH 本身呈現混濁外觀是正常的，不可誤判為變質而丟棄。
When preparing mixed insulin (NPH and Regular), the rule must be strictly observed: "inject air into the long-acting (NPH) vial first, then into the short-acting (Regular) vial; draw up the short-acting first, then the long-acting." Injecting air into NPH first maintains intravial pressure and prevents backflow of liquid. Drawing Regular first avoids contamination (and inactivation) of short-acting insulin by NPH. The cloudy appearance of NPH itself is normal and should not be mistaken for spoilage and discarded.