護理師照護一位嚴重脫水的病人。病人的血清鈉濃度為 155 mEq/L。護理師理解這表示：
A nurse is caring for a client with severe dehydration. The client's lab results show a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L. The nurse understands this indicates:
- AHypernatremia✓ 正解高血鈉症
- BHyponatremia低血鈉症
- CFluid volume deficit✓ 正解體液容積不足
- DFluid volume excess體液容積過多
- EImpaired renal function腎功能障礙
血清鈉濃度 155 mEq/L 明顯高於正常值 (135-145 mEq/L)，定義為高血鈉。高血鈉通常伴隨體液容積不足 (Fluid volume deficit)，因為水分流失大於鈉離子流失，導致血液濃縮。這類病人常有黏膜乾燥、皮膚彈性變差、口渴等脫水徵象。護理師應評估病人的液體攝入與輸出，並依醫囑補充適當的低張或等張輸液，同時監測神經學變化以防腦水腫或脫水過快。
A serum sodium of 155 mEq/L is clearly above the normal range (135–145 mEq/L) and is defined as hypernatremia. Hypernatremia is usually accompanied by fluid volume deficit, since water loss exceeds sodium loss and produces hemoconcentration. These clients typically present with dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and thirst. The nurse should assess fluid intake and output and, as ordered, administer appropriate hypotonic or isotonic IV fluids, while monitoring neurologic changes to prevent cerebral edema or overly rapid correction.