— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧一位患有失智症且有日落症候群的病人。應實施哪些策略？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who is experiencing sundowning syndrome. Which strategies should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the environment well-lit during the evening hours✓ 正解在傍晚時段保持環境照明充足
- BMaintain a consistent daily schedule for activities✓ 正解維持一致的每日活動行程
- CLimit daytime napping to improve nighttime sleep✓ 正解限制日間小睡以改善夜間睡眠
- DAdminister sedatives early in the evening在傍晚早期給予鎮靜劑
- EProvide a calm and quiet environment as the sun sets✓ 正解在日落時提供安靜平和的環境
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
日落症候群的照護目標是減少刺激與維持規律作息。充足光線可減緩混亂感；規律的日程有助於定向感；白天活動多可改善睡眠品質；傍晚減少吵雜環境可減少焦慮。鎮靜劑通常為最後手段，且需遵照醫囑，不可作為常規照護策略。
The goal of caring for sundowning syndrome is to reduce stimulation and maintain a consistent routine. Adequate lighting reduces confusion; a consistent schedule supports orientation; engaging activities during the day improve sleep quality; and a quiet environment in the evening helps decrease anxiety. Sedatives are typically a last resort and require a physician's order; they should not be used as a routine care strategy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國重視行為治療（Behavioral management）；台灣長照體系中，藥物輔助比例有時偏高。