一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現心跳加速及呼吸急促。護理師在面對恐慌發作時，最合適的介入措施為何？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid heart rate and shortness of breath. Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate during a panic attack?
- AInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案使用紙袋呼吸
- BAdminister a prn sedative medication without orders未經醫囑給予備用鎮定藥物
- CRemain with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment✓ 正解陪伴個案並維持安靜平和的環境
- DEncourage the client to discuss the source of anxiety immediately鼓勵個案立即討論焦慮來源
恐慌發作（Panic attack）時，個案常有「瀕死感」或強烈的失控感。護理師的首要任務是提供安全、穩定的環境。保持冷靜並陪伴在側，能有效減少個案的焦慮來源，並傳達支持感。在急性期，不應強迫個案進行深度心理剖析，因為此時個案 cognitive processing 能力受限，應待症狀緩解後再進行諮商。
During a panic attack, the priority is to ensure safety and reduce environmental stimulation by remaining with the client and maintaining a calm, quiet presence. This supportive approach helps alleviate feelings of impending doom and loss of control without overwhelming the client. Deep psychological analysis or forcing discussion of triggers is ineffective during the acute phase when cognitive processing is impaired.
美國護理指引（如 CDC/AHA）已不再建議呼吸紙袋法，因為有造成缺氧或高碳酸血症的風險，現行標準多鼓勵個案進行腹式呼吸或引導式放鬆。