為了預防給藥錯誤，護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent a medication error? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse two patient identifiers before administration✓ 正解給藥前使用兩種病人識別方式
- BVerify the medication order with the electronic record✓ 正解與電子病歷核對藥物醫囑
- CAsk the patient to state their name and birthday✓ 正解請病人自報姓名與生日
- DDelegate medication administration to unlicensed assistive personnel將給藥任務委派給無執照輔助人員
- ECheck the medication against the MAR at the bedside✓ 正解在床邊將藥物與 MAR 核對
預防給藥錯誤是病人安全的核心指標，依據「給藥五大原則（Five Rights）」及「全國病人安全目標（National Patient Safety Goals, NPSG）」，護理師必須在給藥全流程中執行嚴格核對。正確做法包括：使用兩種以上識別碼（如姓名、生日）、核對電子給藥紀錄（MAR）、在床邊完成最後確認。這些程序能將人為失誤降至最低，特別是針對高警訊藥物（High-alert medications）的給藥，必須嚴格執行。
Preventing medication errors is a core indicator of client safety. Based on the 'Five Rights' of medication administration and the National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG), nurses must perform rigorous verification throughout the entire medication process. Correct practices include using at least two identifiers (such as name and date of birth), verifying against the electronic Medication Administration Record (MAR), and completing a final check at the bedside. These steps minimize human error, especially when administering high-alert medications, where strict adherence is required.
美國醫院廣泛使用條碼給藥系統（BCMA），護理師需掃描病人腕帶與藥物條碼。台灣臨床雖亦推行，但紙本給藥紀錄仍較常見，且美國對給藥錯誤的「不責難文化（Just Culture）」更強調系統性防禦。