一位 35 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人，出現心跳加速、盜汗及強烈的瀕死感。護理師應優先採取何種措施？
A 35-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid heart rate, diaphoresis, and a feeling of impending doom. Which intervention is the highest priority for the nurse?
- AAdminister an PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方上備用的抗焦慮藥物
- BInstruct the client to breathe deeply and slowly✓ 正解指示病人進行深而緩慢的呼吸
- CAsk the client to describe their fears in detail詢問病人詳細描述他們的恐懼
- DLeave the room to allow the client privacy離開房間以給予病人隱私
面對急性焦慮發作，首要目標是減輕病人的生理症狀。深呼吸能透過刺激迷走神經降低交感神經活性，改善換氣過度導致的症狀。A 選項需醫師醫囑且非首要；C 選項在病人極度焦慮時難以溝通；D 選項違反安全原則，護理師應留在現場提供支持。
During an acute anxiety attack, the first goal is to relieve the client's physiological symptoms. Deep breathing stimulates the vagus nerve, decreases sympathetic activity, and improves symptoms of hyperventilation. Option A requires a physician's order and is not the highest priority; option C is difficult to apply when the client is severely anxious; option D violates safety principles, since the nurse should remain present to provide support.
美國護理師常依據病房 protocol 先啟動減壓技巧；台灣臨床常見先評估是否有潛在身體問題後再給予鎮靜藥物。