一位 72 歲患有晚期失智症的病人，護理師在協助其翻身時，哪項動作展現了對維持皮膚完整性的理解？
A 72-year-old client with advanced dementia is being repositioned by the nurse. Which action by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of skin integrity maintenance?
- AKeep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees constantly持續將床頭抬高45度
- BUse a draw sheet to lift and shift the client's position✓ 正解使用移位墊來抬起並移動病人位置
- CMassage the reddened bony prominences vigorously用力按摩發紅的骨突處
- DSlide the client across the sheets to prevent friction在床單上滑動病人以防止摩擦
預防壓力性損傷的核心原則是減少剪力（Shearing）與摩擦力。使用推拉墊（Draw sheet）可以轉移重心，利用抬起取代拖行，是避免剪力傷害的最佳做法。其他選項如滑動病人或按摩受壓處會直接破壞皮膚，而長期高床頭會增加骶骨的剪力。
The core principle of pressure injury prevention is to reduce shearing and friction. Using a draw sheet allows redistribution of the client's weight and lifting rather than dragging, which is the best approach to avoid shear injury. Other options - sliding the client across the sheets or massaging pressure points - directly damage the skin, and continuous high head-of-bed elevation increases shear at the sacrum.
台美臨床皆強調翻身技巧，但美國醫院常配置更多輔助移位設備（如 HoverMatt），台灣則較依賴人力配合推拉墊。