— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位末期病人出現呼吸困難，何種護理措施對於緩解其不適最有效？
A nurse is caring for a client with terminal illness who is experiencing dyspnea. Which intervention is most effective for comfort?
- APlacing the client in a high-Fowler's position✓ 正解將個案置於高福勒氏臥位（High-Fowler's position）
- BAdministering benzodiazepines給予苯二氮平類藥物
- CUsing a fan to provide air circulation使用風扇提供空氣流通
- DAdministering morphine給予嗎啡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
對於呼吸困難的末期病人，擺位（高坐臥位）是最直接能透過降低橫膈壓力、擴張肺活量來改善通氣效率的非藥物措施。嗎啡雖用於緩解呼吸困難（減低呼吸功），但擺位是立即性的物理性支持；風扇雖可產生氣流感，但擺位改善效果最顯著。
Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position is the most effective immediate non-pharmacological intervention for dyspnea as it promotes chest expansion and lowers diaphragmatic pressure. This positioning directly enhances ventilation efficiency to provide comfort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
臨終關懷中，美國安寧治療（Hospice）對於嗎啡的使用相當積極，台灣臨床受限於管制藥品觀念，醫師給藥有時較為保留。