— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
一位護理師正在管理一位患有尿崩症的病人。哪項實驗室發現是此疾病的特徵？
A nurse is managing care for a client with diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory finding is characteristic of this condition?
- AHyperkalemia and low urine specific gravity.高血鉀症與低尿液比重
- BHypernatremia and low urine specific gravity.✓ 正解高血鈉症與低尿液比重
- CHypokalemia and high urine specific gravity.低血鉀症與高尿液比重
- DHyponatremia and high urine specific gravity.低血鈉症與高尿液比重
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（DI）由於抗利尿激素（ADH）缺乏或作用不良，導致腎臟無法濃縮尿液，排出大量低滲透壓尿液，造成水分流失過多。這會導致血鈉升高（hypernatremia）和尿液比重降低（low urine specific gravity）。
In diabetes insipidus (DI), a deficiency or impaired action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents the kidneys from concentrating urine, producing large volumes of dilute, low-osmolality urine and excessive water loss. This results in elevated serum sodium (hypernatremia) and a decreased urine specific gravity (low urine specific gravity).
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地對尿崩症的診斷標準一致。美國有更先進的診斷儀器；台灣則依循標準實驗室檢查進行判斷。