照護恐慌發作的病人時，下列哪些介入措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate when caring for a client experiencing a panic attack? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm and firm demeanor✓ 正解保持冷靜且堅定的態度
- BProvide clear, simple, and direct instructions✓ 正解提供清晰、簡單且直接的指示
- CLeave the client alone to reduce environmental stimuli讓個案獨處以減少環境刺激
- DEncourage the client to hyperventilate to release energy鼓勵個案換氣過度以釋放能量
- EStay with the client throughout the attack✓ 正解在整個發作期間陪伴個案
恐慌發作時，病人感受到失控感。護理師需維持冷靜以穩定病人，運用簡單指令引導其專注。持續陪伴能提供安全感，降低恐懼。選項 C 會增加被拋棄感與恐慌；選項 D 換氣過度會加劇呼吸性鹼中毒與頭暈，應教導腹式呼吸而非換氣。
During a panic attack, the client experiences a sense of loss of control. The nurse should remain calm to stabilize the client, use simple instructions to guide focus, and stay with the client to provide a sense of safety and reduce fear. Option C increases feelings of abandonment and panic. Option D would worsen respiratory alkalosis and dizziness; instead, the client should be taught diaphragmatic breathing rather than encouraged to hyperventilate.
兩地照護原則相同；美國護理師常依 Protocol 監測生命徵象，台灣護理師亦同，但在急性期給予鎮靜藥物的時機略有差異。