— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照護一位抗利尿激素分泌異常症候群（SIADH）病人，應監測哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone). Which clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyponatremia✓ 正解低血鈉
- BConcentrated urine✓ 正解濃縮尿液
- CFluid volume excess✓ 正解體液過剩
- DWeight loss體重減輕
- EHypernatremia高血鈉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
SIADH 導致水分過度滯留，血液被稀釋造成稀釋性低血鈉（Hyponatremia）。身體排出濃縮尿（Concentrated urine）但總體液增加（Fluid volume excess），造成體重增加而非減輕。此病理機轉為水分滯留，故不會出現高血鈉。
SIADH causes excessive water retention, with dilution of the blood resulting in dilutional hyponatremia. Urine is concentrated, but total body fluid is increased (fluid volume excess), resulting in weight gain rather than weight loss. Because the pathophysiology involves water retention, hypernatremia does not occur.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，這類電解質異常的護理監測強度非常高，常涉及神經狀態監測以防止腦水腫；台灣則依賴常規檢驗追蹤。