— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師衛教華法林（warfarin）藥物知識，病人哪些敘述代表需要進一步指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin therapy. Which statements by the client indicate a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will eat a large salad every day to stay healthy✓ 正解我每天會吃一大盤沙拉以保持健康
- BI will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding我會使用軟毛牙刷以預防出血
- CI should report any black or tarry stools to my doctor我應該向醫師報告任何黑色或柏油樣糞便
- DI will take an extra dose if I miss one the day before✓ 正解如果我前一天漏服，我會多服用一劑
- EI can take aspirin for headaches without consulting my doctor✓ 正解我可以未經諮詢醫師就服用阿斯匹靈來緩解頭痛
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林為抗凝血劑，飲食中深綠色蔬菜（富含維生素 K）攝取需維持穩定，不可忽多忽少，以免影響 INR 數值。漏服藥物不可補服雙倍劑量，且嚴禁自行服用阿斯匹靈等非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAIDs），因會增加嚴重出血風險。
Warfarin is an anticoagulant; intake of dark green leafy vegetables (rich in vitamin K) must remain consistent in the diet, neither suddenly increased nor decreased, to avoid affecting INR values. Missed doses should never be doubled up. Aspirin and other NSAIDs are strictly prohibited without a physician's approval, as they increase the risk of severe bleeding.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國藥師衛教頻率極高，台灣多由護理師衛教抗凝血劑飲食注意事項，兩地皆強調 INR 監測的重要性。