下列哪些護理措施有助於預防術後肺部併發症？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing interventions help prevent pulmonary complications post-surgery? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncouraging the use of an incentive spirometer✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計
- BAssisting the client with frequent turning and repositioning✓ 正解協助病人頻繁翻身與改變姿勢
- CAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- DEncouraging early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
- EPromoting deep breathing and coughing✓ 正解促進深呼吸與咳嗽
術後預防肺部併發症（如肺塌陷、肺炎）的黃金原則包括：使用誘發性肺量計（訓練肺活量）、頻繁翻身（促進分泌物排除）、早期活動（促進深呼吸與循環）、練習深呼吸與有效咳嗽。抗生素則用於治療或特定預防感染，非肺部物理照護之常規手段。
The cornerstones of preventing postoperative pulmonary complications (such as atelectasis and pneumonia) include use of an incentive spirometer (to train lung capacity), frequent turning (to promote secretion clearance), early ambulation (to encourage deeper breathing and circulation), and practicing deep breathing and effective coughing. Antibiotics are reserved for treating or preventing specific infections and are not routine measures for pulmonary physical care.
美國護理師常將此類衛教納入術前教育（Pre-op teaching），台灣則常在術後由護理師親自指導。