— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人因疑似肺栓塞入院。何項診斷性檢查結果可證實此診斷?
A client is admitted with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Which diagnostic test result would confirm the diagnosis?
- AChest X-ray showing clear lung fields顯示肺野清晰的胸部 X 光
- BVentilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan showing mismatched areas✓ 正解顯示不匹配區域的通氣/灌流 (V/Q) 掃描
- CD-dimer level of 0.4 mcg/mL0.4 mcg/mL 的 D-dimer 濃度
- DElectrocardiogram (ECG) showing sinus rhythm顯示竇性心律的心電圖 (ECG)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺栓塞(PE)的確診方法通常是電腦斷層肺動脈攝影(CTPA),但 V/Q scan 顯示通氣和灌流不匹配(mismatch)是 PE 的特徵性發現,尤其是在 CTPA 無法進行或結果不確定的情況下。胸部 X 光、ECG 和 B-dimer 僅為輔助診斷或排除診斷工具。
A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan showing mismatched areas is a key diagnostic indicator for pulmonary embolism, particularly when CT pulmonary angiography is contraindicated or inconclusive. While a chest X-ray, ECG, and D-dimer level are useful for ruling out other conditions or assessing risk, they are not definitive for confirming the diagnosis of a PE.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常優先考慮 CTPA 作為 PE 首選診斷工具;台灣則視設備及病人狀況,V/Q scan 亦為重要選項。