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生理適應 · HARD · MCQ

一位病人因疑似肺栓塞入院。何項診斷性檢查結果可證實此診斷?

A client is admitted with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Which diagnostic test result would confirm the diagnosis?

  • AChest X-ray showing clear lung fields
    顯示肺野清晰的胸部 X 光
  • BVentilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan showing mismatched areas✓ 正解
    顯示不匹配區域的通氣/灌流 (V/Q) 掃描
  • CD-dimer level of 0.4 mcg/mL
    0.4 mcg/mL 的 D-dimer 濃度
  • DElectrocardiogram (ECG) showing sinus rhythm
    顯示竇性心律的心電圖 (ECG)
Explanation · 中文詳解

肺栓塞(PE)的確診方法通常是電腦斷層肺動脈攝影(CTPA),但 V/Q scan 顯示通氣和灌流不匹配(mismatch)是 PE 的特徵性發現,尤其是在 CTPA 無法進行或結果不確定的情況下。胸部 X 光、ECG 和 B-dimer 僅為輔助診斷或排除診斷工具。

A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan showing mismatched areas is a key diagnostic indicator for pulmonary embolism, particularly when CT pulmonary angiography is contraindicated or inconclusive. While a chest X-ray, ECG, and D-dimer level are useful for ruling out other conditions or assessing risk, they are not definitive for confirming the diagnosis of a PE.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國常優先考慮 CTPA 作為 PE 首選診斷工具;台灣則視設備及病人狀況,V/Q scan 亦為重要選項。

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