— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位有慢性腎衰竭病史的病人出現噁心、嘔吐和金屬味。護理師懷疑是尿毒症。哪項實驗室檢查結果能證實此點？
A client with a history of chronic renal failure is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and metallic taste. The nurse suspects uremia. Which laboratory finding would confirm this?
- ALow serum sodium低血清鈉
- BElevated serum creatinine and BUN✓ 正解升高的血清肌酸酐和 BUN
- CDecreased serum calcium降低的血清鈣
- DHigh serum potassium高血清鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿毒症 (Uremia) 是腎功能衰竭末期，體內代謝廢物（如尿素、肌酐）積聚的表現。血清肌酐 (Creatinine) 和尿素氮 (BUN) 是評估腎功能的關鍵指標，在尿毒症時會顯著升高。噁心、嘔吐和金屬味是常見的尿毒症症狀。
Elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels confirm uremia, which results from the accumulation of metabolic waste products due to end-stage renal failure. These lab values are the primary indicators of kidney dysfunction, correlating with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and a metallic taste.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國腎臟科護理師會協助病人進行透析準備和教育；台灣腎臟科護理師在透析照護方面經驗豐富，且注重病人與家屬的心理支持。