— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正接受華法林（Warfarin）抗凝血治療。護理師在衛教時，下列哪些措施對降低出血風險至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which nursing action is essential during patient teaching to minimize bleeding risk? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- BAvoid sudden changes in intake of leafy green vegetables✓ 正解避免葉綠蔬菜攝取量突然改變
- CTake the medication at the same time every day✓ 正解每天在同一時間服藥
- DIncrease fiber intake to prevent constipation增加纖維攝取以預防便秘
- EConsult the healthcare provider before taking over-the-counter NSAIDs✓ 正解服用非處方消炎止痛藥（NSAIDs）前諮詢醫療提供者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林作用機轉受維生素 K 影響，飲食需維持穩定，不可大幅變動綠色蔬菜攝取。使用軟毛刷與避免服用非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAIDs）可降低出血機率。規律服藥則確保 INR 值穩定在治療範圍內。纖維攝取與出血風險無直接相關。
Warfarin's mechanism of action is influenced by vitamin K, so dietary intake must remain stable, and large fluctuations in green vegetable consumption should be avoided. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding NSAIDs can reduce the risk of bleeding. Regular dosing helps keep the INR within the therapeutic range. Fiber intake has no direct relationship to bleeding risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人常合併使用中藥或保健食品，衛教時需特別詢問草藥攝取習慣，此點在臨床衛教中尤為關鍵。