病患即將進行程序，但護理師發現外科醫師尚未解釋風險。護理師應採取什麼行動？
A client is scheduled for a procedure, but the nurse finds that the surgeon has not yet explained the risks. What should the nurse do?
- ADelay the procedure and notify the surgeon✓ 正解延遲程序並通知外科醫師
- BExplain the risks to the patient so the procedure can proceed向病人解釋風險以便程序得以進行
- CAsk the patient to sign the form to avoid delays要求病人簽署表格以避免延誤
- DAsk the family to explain the risks to the patient請家屬向病人解釋風險
若病人對程序風險不明，簽署的同意書即為無效。護理師必須扮演病人權益的守護者，應當暫停程序並聯繫負責醫師進行說明。護理師切勿代為解釋專業資訊（避免法律糾紛），也不可強迫病人簽名。確保「知情」後再進入「同意」程序是核心病安原則。
If the client is unclear about the procedure's risks, the consent form they sign is invalid. The nurse must act as the patient's advocate by delaying the procedure and notifying the responsible physician to provide the explanation. The nurse must not personally explain professional information (to avoid legal complications) and must not coerce the client into signing. Ensuring that the client is 'informed' before proceeding to 'consent' is a core patient safety principle.
美國法規對 informed consent 的時效性與完整性要求極高，相關糾紛賠償巨大，台灣醫院管理亦日益重視。