護理師照護一位 BMI 為 16.5 kg/m² 的病人。以下哪項營養干預對該病人最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with a BMI of 16.5 kg/m². Which nutritional intervention is most important for this client?
- ALimit fluid intake to prevent fullness.限制水分攝取以避免飽足感。
- BEncourage high-protein, high-calorie foods.✓ 正解鼓勵攝取高蛋白、高熱量食物。
- CInstruct the client to eat only three large meals a day.指示病人每天只吃三頓大餐。
- DOffer low-calorie snacks between meals.在兩餐之間提供低熱量點心。
BMI 16.5 屬於嚴重體重不足（Underweight）。首要目標是增加營養攝入，應提供高蛋白（修復組織）及高熱量（增加體重）的食物。對於食慾不佳或體弱者，少量多餐（Small frequent meals）比一日三大餐（C）更有效。低熱量零食（D）無法解決營養不足。限水（A）可能導致脫水，除非病人有心腎衰竭。
A BMI of 16.5 falls into the severely underweight category. The primary goal is to increase nutritional intake by offering high-protein (for tissue repair) and high-calorie (for weight gain) foods. For clients with poor appetite or frailty, small, frequent meals are more effective than three large meals (C). Low-calorie snacks (D) cannot address nutritional deficits. Restricting fluids (A) may cause dehydration, unless the client has heart or renal failure.
美國 NCLEX 考題常將營養與傷口癒合（白蛋白、鋅、維生素C）結合；台灣臨床對 BMI 偏低者常會併用中醫食補觀念。