— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位術前禁食病人，病人表示極度口渴並要求喝水，下列何者為最合適的回應？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. The client reports extreme thirst and asks for a drink of water. Which response is most appropriate?
- APerform frequent mouth care and offer lip moisturizer✓ 正解執行頻繁的口腔護理並提供潤唇劑。
- BExplain that thirst is normal and ignore the request解釋口渴是正常的並忽略該請求。
- COffer ice chips to suck on instead of water提供含冰塊代替喝水。
- DProvide a small sip of water to ease the thirst提供少量水以緩解口渴。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術前禁食是為了預防麻醉期間吸入性肺炎，即便少量水也可能啟動胃酸分泌或增加胃內容物。護理師應提供口腔護理（如冷水漱口不吞下、棉棒濕潤口腔）並塗抹護唇膏以緩解乾燥，展現同理心而不違背禁食醫囑。冰塊雖然是固體，但進入胃部會融化成水，原則上不建議。
Preoperative NPO status is critical to prevent aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia, even if only small amounts of fluid are consumed. Nurses should provide frequent mouth care and lip moisturizers to alleviate dryness without violating the NPO order. Offering ice chips is generally discouraged because they melt into liquid and increase gastric contents.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國現行 ERAS 指引對術前禁食限制已放寬（部分允許術前 2 小時喝清流質），但需依循特定醫療機構規範。