— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師採取哪項行動最能體現為要求簽署 DNR 的病人進行倡導（Advocacy）？
Which of the following actions by the nurse best demonstrates the principle of advocacy for a client requesting a DNR order?
- AContacting the family to see if they agree with the decision聯繫家屬以確認他們是否同意此決定
- BWaiting until the physician discusses the risks with the client等待醫師與患者討論風險
- CCalling the physician immediately to sign the order立即致電醫師簽署醫囑
- DEnsuring the client understands the implications of the DNR order✓ 正解確保患者理解 DNR 醫囑的影響
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
倡導者的角色在於確保病人的自主權得到尊重，且病人充分了解其所做決定的後果。護理師應評估病人是否具備決策能力，並協助釐清 DNR 對照護的實質意義。諮詢家屬意見屬次要，優先權在於維護病人知情同意的權利，並確保其意願完整表達。
The role of an advocate is to ensure that the client's autonomy is respected and that the client fully understands the consequences of the decision they are making. The nurse should assess whether the client has decision-making capacity and help clarify what a DNR order practically means for care. Consulting family opinions is secondary; the priority is to safeguard the client's right to informed consent and to ensure their wishes are fully expressed.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國強調醫學倫理與病人自主權優先；台灣臨床常受限於家屬干預（家屬決定論），護理師須在傳統文化與病人自主間取得平衡。