一位第一型糖尿病患呈現無反應狀態，血糖 45 mg/dL。護理師應先採取什麼行動？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who is found unresponsive. The blood glucose is 45 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse perform first?
- AObtain an intravenous access建立靜脈通路
- BAdminister 1 mg glucagon intramuscularly✓ 正解肌內注射 1 mg 升糖素
- CCall the physician immediately立即聯絡醫師
- DProvide 15 grams of oral fast-acting glucose提供 15 克口服快速作用的葡萄糖
當糖尿病病人出現無反應（unresponsive）的嚴重低血糖時，首要考量是「禁止經口給藥」以防吸入性肺炎。在缺乏靜脈路徑的情況下，肌內注射升糖素（glucagon）是提升血糖最迅速的急救方式。升糖素的作用機轉是刺激肝臟將肝糖轉化為葡萄糖釋放至血液中。一旦病人恢復意識，後續需補充口服碳水化合物以維持血糖穩定。
When a diabetic client presents with severe hypoglycemia and is unresponsive, the primary consideration is to avoid oral administration to prevent aspiration pneumonia. In the absence of intravenous access, intramuscular glucagon is the most rapid emergency means of raising the blood glucose. Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream. Once the client regains consciousness, oral carbohydrates should be given to maintain stable blood glucose.